1. CS enrollment fell 11% at U.S. four-year universities between 2024 and 2025, but AI-related graduate programs continued to grow.

Master's graduates in AI software-related fields rose 17% from 2023 to 2024, suggesting that demand for AI specialization is holding up even as broader CS enrollment cools.

2. The U.S. remains a global leader in producing information, communications, and technology (ICT) graduates at all degree levels, but other countries are growing faster.

Turkey, Brazil, and Mexico have increased their ICT graduate output more rapidly in recent years.

3. Four out of five U.S. high school and college students now use AI for schoolwork, while school policies have not kept pace.

Only half of middle and high schools have AI policies, and just 6% of teachers say those policies are clear. Students most commonly use generative AI for research, essay editing, and brainstorming.

4. More than 90% of countries now offer computer science to primary or secondary students, but AI education has been slower to take hold.

China and the United Arab Emirates both mandated AI education starting with the 2025-26 school year, signaling a shift toward formal AI instruction at the national level.

5. The number of new AI PhDs in the United States and Canada rose 22% from 2022 to 2024, but the share going to industry has stayed flat.

All of the growth has gone to academia, reversing a decade-long trend of new AI PhDs flowing primarily into industry roles.

6. People are acquiring AI skills outside formal education, and advertising AI skills in their resumes.

AI literacy has grown faster than engineering-oriented AI skills in most countries. The United Arab Emirates, Chile, and South Africa are exceptions, where engineering skills show steeper growth since 2022.

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