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peopleStaff

Caroline Meinhardt

Senior Policy Research Manager at Stanford HAI

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External Bio
Latest Work
Response to FDA’s Request for Feedback on Considerations for the Regulation of GenAI-Enabled Medical Devices
Roxana Daneshjou, Debadutta (Dev) Dash, Diliana Funtarova, Curtis Langlotz, Kara Liu, David Magnus, Josh Makower, Nicole Martinez-Martin, Caroline Meinhardt, Michelle Mello, Jared Moore, Sandra Waugh Ruggles, Kevin Schulman, Nigam Shah, Artem Trotsyuk, Caroline Yee
Quick ReadOct 19
response to request

Stanford scholars respond to a federal request for feedback, offering policy recommendations for the regulation of generative AI-enabled medical devices.

The World Model and Spatial Intelligence Era: Governing AI Beyond Language
Daniel Zhang, Russell Wald, Ehsan Adeli, Elena Cryst, Daniel E. Ho, Caroline Meinhardt, Jiajun Wu, Amy Zegart, Fei-Fei Li
Quick ReadJul 27
issue brief

This brief highlights the emergence of world models and outlines a first-of-its-kind governance and policy agenda for the technology.

The Commercial Landscape of AI Sovereignty Offerings
Caroline Meinhardt, Juan N. Pava, Caroline Yee, James Landay
Deep DiveJul 15
issue brief

This brief surveys the commercial AI sovereignty market and argues that policymakers should focus on calibrating interdependence rather than pursuing full self-sufficiency.

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How Can AI Support Language Digitization and Digital Inclusion?
Juan N. Pava, Thomas S. Mullaney, Caroline Meinhardt, Audrey Gao, Diyi Yang
Deep DiveFeb 26, 2026
whitepaper

This white paper analyzes the varying ways AI tools can advance language digitization work, and provides recommendations for responsibly realizing the potential of AI in supporting the digital inclusion of digitally disadvantaged languages.

How Can AI Support Language Digitization and Digital Inclusion?

Juan N. Pava, Thomas S. Mullaney, Caroline Meinhardt, Audrey Gao, Diyi Yang
Deep DiveFeb 26, 2026

This white paper analyzes the varying ways AI tools can advance language digitization work, and provides recommendations for responsibly realizing the potential of AI in supporting the digital inclusion of digitally disadvantaged languages.

Ethics, Equity, Inclusion
International Affairs, International Security, International Development
Natural Language Processing
whitepaper
AI Sovereignty’s Definitional Dilemma
Juan N. Pava, Caroline Meinhardt, Elena Cryst, James Landay
Feb 17, 2026
news
illustration showing world and digital lines and binary code

Governments worldwide are racing to control their AI futures, but unclear definitions hinder real policy progress.

AI Sovereignty’s Definitional Dilemma

Juan N. Pava, Caroline Meinhardt, Elena Cryst, James Landay
Feb 17, 2026

Governments worldwide are racing to control their AI futures, but unclear definitions hinder real policy progress.

Government, Public Administration
Regulation, Policy, Governance
International Affairs, International Security, International Development
illustration showing world and digital lines and binary code
news
Beyond DeepSeek: China's Diverse Open-Weight AI Ecosystem and Its Policy Implications
Caroline Meinhardt, Sabina Nong, Graham Webster, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Christopher Manning
Deep DiveDec 16, 2025
issue brief

Almost one year after the “DeepSeek moment,” this brief analyzes China’s diverse open-model ecosystem and examines the policy implications of their widespread global diffusion.

Beyond DeepSeek: China's Diverse Open-Weight AI Ecosystem and Its Policy Implications

Caroline Meinhardt, Sabina Nong, Graham Webster, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Christopher Manning
Deep DiveDec 16, 2025

Almost one year after the “DeepSeek moment,” this brief analyzes China’s diverse open-model ecosystem and examines the policy implications of their widespread global diffusion.

Foundation Models
International Affairs, International Security, International Development
issue brief
Vital Set Of Policy Recommendations For Stridently Dealing With AI That Provides Mental Health Advice
Forbes
Dec 11, 2025
media mention

Forbes Columnist Lance Elliot describes Stanford HAI's recent response to the FDA’s RFC, which focused on policy recommendations for mental health and AI.

Vital Set Of Policy Recommendations For Stridently Dealing With AI That Provides Mental Health Advice

Forbes
Dec 11, 2025

Forbes Columnist Lance Elliot describes Stanford HAI's recent response to the FDA’s RFC, which focused on policy recommendations for mental health and AI.

Healthcare
media mention
Response to FDA's Request for Comment on AI-Enabled Medical Devices
Desmond C. Ong, Jared Moore, Nicole Martinez-Martin, Caroline Meinhardt, Eric Lin, William Agnew
Quick ReadDec 02, 2025
response to request

Stanford scholars respond to a federal RFC on evaluating AI-enabled medical devices, recommending policy interventions to help mitigate the harms of AI-powered chatbots used as therapists.

Response to FDA's Request for Comment on AI-Enabled Medical Devices

Desmond C. Ong, Jared Moore, Nicole Martinez-Martin, Caroline Meinhardt, Eric Lin, William Agnew
Quick ReadDec 02, 2025

Stanford scholars respond to a federal RFC on evaluating AI-enabled medical devices, recommending policy interventions to help mitigate the harms of AI-powered chatbots used as therapists.

Healthcare
Regulation, Policy, Governance
response to request
Inside Trump’s Ambitious AI Action Plan
Caroline Meinhardt, Daniel Zhang, Jennifer King, Andy Haupt, Elena Cryst
Jul 24, 2025
news
Donald Trump

The White House favors market-driven growth and light governance, signaling a departure from the previous administration.

Inside Trump’s Ambitious AI Action Plan

Caroline Meinhardt, Daniel Zhang, Jennifer King, Andy Haupt, Elena Cryst
Jul 24, 2025

The White House favors market-driven growth and light governance, signaling a departure from the previous administration.

Regulation, Policy, Governance
Donald Trump
news
Mind the (Language) Gap: Mapping the Challenges of LLM Development in Low-Resource Language Contexts
Juan N. Pava, Caroline Meinhardt, Haifa Badi Uz Zaman, Toni Friedman, Sang T. Truong, Daniel Zhang, Elena Cryst, Vukosi Marivate, Sanmi Koyejo
Deep DiveApr 22, 2025
whitepaper

This white paper maps the LLM development landscape for low-resource languages, highlighting challenges, trade-offs, and strategies to increase investment; prioritize cross-disciplinary, community-driven development; and ensure fair data ownership.

Mind the (Language) Gap: Mapping the Challenges of LLM Development in Low-Resource Language Contexts

Juan N. Pava, Caroline Meinhardt, Haifa Badi Uz Zaman, Toni Friedman, Sang T. Truong, Daniel Zhang, Elena Cryst, Vukosi Marivate, Sanmi Koyejo
Deep DiveApr 22, 2025

This white paper maps the LLM development landscape for low-resource languages, highlighting challenges, trade-offs, and strategies to increase investment; prioritize cross-disciplinary, community-driven development; and ensure fair data ownership.

International Affairs, International Security, International Development
Natural Language Processing
Ethics, Equity, Inclusion
whitepaper
Response to OSTP’s Request for Information on the Development of an AI Action Plan
Caroline Meinhardt, Daniel Zhang, Rishi Bommasani, Jennifer King, Russell Wald, Percy Liang, Daniel E. Ho
Mar 17, 2025
response to request

Stanford scholars respond to a federal RFI on the development of an AI Action Plan, urging policymakers to promote open and scientific innovation, craft evidence-based AI policy, and empower government leaders.

Response to OSTP’s Request for Information on the Development of an AI Action Plan

Caroline Meinhardt, Daniel Zhang, Rishi Bommasani, Jennifer King, Russell Wald, Percy Liang, Daniel E. Ho
Mar 17, 2025

Stanford scholars respond to a federal RFI on the development of an AI Action Plan, urging policymakers to promote open and scientific innovation, craft evidence-based AI policy, and empower government leaders.

Regulation, Policy, Governance
response to request
Assessing the Implementation of Federal AI Leadership and Compliance Mandates
Jennifer Wang, Mirac Suzgun, Caroline Meinhardt, Daniel Zhang, Kazia Nowacki, Daniel E. Ho
Deep DiveJan 17, 2025
whitepaper

This white paper assesses federal efforts to advance leadership on AI innovation and governance through recent executive actions and emphasizes the need for senior-level leadership to achieve a whole-of-government approach.

Assessing the Implementation of Federal AI Leadership and Compliance Mandates

Jennifer Wang, Mirac Suzgun, Caroline Meinhardt, Daniel Zhang, Kazia Nowacki, Daniel E. Ho
Deep DiveJan 17, 2025

This white paper assesses federal efforts to advance leadership on AI innovation and governance through recent executive actions and emphasizes the need for senior-level leadership to achieve a whole-of-government approach.

Government, Public Administration
Regulation, Policy, Governance
whitepaper
Expanding Academia’s Role in Public Sector AI
Kevin Klyman, Aaron Bao, Caroline Meinhardt, Daniel Zhang, Elena Cryst, Russell Wald
Quick ReadDec 04, 2024
issue brief
Expanding Academias role in public sector ai

This brief analyzes the disparity between academia and industry in frontier AI research and presents policy recommendations for ensuring a stronger role for academia in public sector AI.

Expanding Academia’s Role in Public Sector AI

Kevin Klyman, Aaron Bao, Caroline Meinhardt, Daniel Zhang, Elena Cryst, Russell Wald
Quick ReadDec 04, 2024

This brief analyzes the disparity between academia and industry in frontier AI research and presents policy recommendations for ensuring a stronger role for academia in public sector AI.

Government, Public Administration
Expanding Academias role in public sector ai
issue brief
Pathways to Governing AI Technologies in Healthcare
Caroline Meinhardt, Alaa Youssef, Rory Thompson, Daniel Zhang, Rohini Kosoglu, Kavita Patel
Jul 15, 2024
news

Leading policymakers, academics, healthcare providers, AI developers, and patient advocates discuss the path forward for healthcare AI policy at closed-door workshop.

Pathways to Governing AI Technologies in Healthcare

Caroline Meinhardt, Alaa Youssef, Rory Thompson, Daniel Zhang, Rohini Kosoglu, Kavita Patel
Jul 15, 2024

Leading policymakers, academics, healthcare providers, AI developers, and patient advocates discuss the path forward for healthcare AI policy at closed-door workshop.

news
Response to USAID's Request for Information on AI in Global Development Playbook
Caroline Meinhardt, Toni Friedman, Haifa Badi Uz Zaman, Daniel Zhang, Rodrigo Balbontín, Juan N. Pava, Vyoma Raman, Kevin Klyman, Marietje Schaake, Jef Caers, Francis Fukuyama
Mar 01, 2024
response to request

Scholars respond to a federal RFI on AI in global development, calling for an approach that is grounded in local perspectives and tailored to Global Majority country circumstances.

Response to USAID's Request for Information on AI in Global Development Playbook

Caroline Meinhardt, Toni Friedman, Haifa Badi Uz Zaman, Daniel Zhang, Rodrigo Balbontín, Juan N. Pava, Vyoma Raman, Kevin Klyman, Marietje Schaake, Jef Caers, Francis Fukuyama
Mar 01, 2024

Scholars respond to a federal RFI on AI in global development, calling for an approach that is grounded in local perspectives and tailored to Global Majority country circumstances.

International Affairs, International Security, International Development
response to request
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